文革时期常用词汇的英译

蒋割荆

J（1）

机关: government institutions and other organizations
“机关算尽太聪明，反误了卿卿性命”: "With all your calculations and intrigues, you are too clever; they bring you no good but will cost you your life!"
机会主义路线: opportunist line
饥寒交迫: live in hunger and cold
基本功: essential (basic) skill
基本矛盾: fundamental contradictions
基层: at the grassroots level/the basic sections of society
基层干部: basic-level cadres
基干民兵
: core members of the militia
鸡犬之声相闻，老死不相往来: "do not visit each other all their lives, though the crowing of their cocks and the barking of their dogs are within hearing of each other"
击中要害: hit the vital point
（从一个）极端到另一个极端: from one extreme to the other
极端个人主义者: out-and-out egoist
极“左”: ultra-"Left"/extreme "Left"
极“左”思潮: ultra-"Left" trend of thought
极右分子: ultra-Rightist
急先锋: shock force/chief abettor
急用先学，立杆见影: first study what must be urgently applied so as to get quick results
集思广益: good at listening to all useful opinions
集体领导: collective leadership
集中起来，坚持下去: concentrate the ideas of the masses and then carry them through
集中指导下的民主: democracy under centralized guidance
“己所不欲，勿施于人”: "Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you."
“技术第一”: "Technique comes first."/"top priority to technique"
技术革新和技术革命运动: a movement for technical innovation and technical revolution
“即以其人之道，还治其人之身”: beat one at his own game/pay one back in his own coin
缉拿归案: be brought to justice
既当“官”，又当老百姓: Remain one of the common people while serving as an official.
既定方针: established guiding line
既来之，则安之: Since it is so, it's better to accept it.
既往不咎: be let off for one's past mistakes
既懂政治，又懂业务: be both politically good and professionally efficient
既要弄清思想，又要团结同志: clarity in ideology and unity among comrades
既有冲天的干劲，又要有科学分析的精神: An enthusiasm mounting to the stars should go hand in hand with scientific analysis./combine great revolutionary vigor with the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts
继承……衣钵: take over (inherit) the mantle of
继承……遗志: follow the behest of...
继续深入: continue to develop in depth
继续革命: continuing the revolution
寄生的、腐朽的、垂死的: parasitic, decaying and moribund
加强纪律性，革命无不胜: The sense of discipline grows stronger, and the revolution will be ever-victorious.
加强对运动的指导: strengthen the leadership in the movement
加强党和群众的联系: strengthen the Party's ties with the masses
家常便饭: daily lot
家丑不可外扬: conceal the family shame/Do not wash dirty linen in public.
家庭出身（成份）: class origin of the family
家喻户晓: make known to every family
家长制: patriarchy
夹起尾巴逃跑了: run away with one's tail between one's legs
假的就是假的，伪装应当剥去: Sham is sham, and the mask must be stripped off.
假、恶、丑: the false, the evil and the ugly
假革命，真投降: sham revolution and genuine capitulationism
假公济私: jobbery
假和平、真备战: peace in words, war preparation in deeds
假积极: in the guise of an activist
假检讨: sham (phony) self-criticism
假批判、真包庇: fake criticism but real protection
假团结、真分裂: sham unity and a real split
假象: false (misleading) appearance/false impression
假斗争，真保护: sham attack but real defense
假揭发，真支持: sham exposure but real support
假面具: mask
假民主: bogus democracy
假团结，真反华: sham unity and real hostility towards China
“假自首”: "false confessions"
假洋鬼子: Imitation Foreign Devil
假支持、真出卖: sham support and real betrayal
假左派、真右派: pseudo-Leftists but genuine Rightists
嫁祸于人: shift the blame onto/transfer the evil to another
艰苦奋斗、勤俭建国，自力更生、奋发图强的方针: policy of plain living and hard struggle, of building up the country with industry and thrift, of relying on our own effort and working hard for the prosperity of the country
艰难险阻: difficulties and dangers
兼听则明，偏听则暗: Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened; heed only one side and you will be benighted.
坚持不改和屡教不改: persist in one's errors and refuse to correct them after repeated education
坚持不懈: persistent/consistent and untiring efforts
坚持群众路线: adhere to the mass line
坚持团结，反对分裂: persist in unity and oppose a split
坚持文斗，不用武斗: uphold struggle by reasoning and not by force
坚持社会主义路线: persist along the socialist road
坚定正确的政治方向: a firm and correct political orientation
坚决、彻底、干净、全部消灭之: resolutely, thoroughly, wholly and completely wipe out
坚决照办: express one's determination to act accordingly
监督: supervise/exercise supervision over
（放到群众）监督之下: place them under the surveillance of the masses
肩不能挑，手不能提: incapable of carrying anything either on their shoulders or in their hands
“尖子”: best of its kind
检查团: inspection team
检举箱: box for accusation letters
检讨: examine one's own mistakes/self-criticism
检讨书: statement of self-criticism
见不得人: cannot bear the light of day
见困难就上，见荣誉就让: take difficulty for oneself and leave honors to others
见物不见人: ignore the human factor and see only the material factor
见先进就学，见后进就帮，见困难就上，见方便就让: learn from the advanced and help the backward, brave difficulties and leave convenience to others
见异思迁: wish to change their work the moment they see something different
见义勇为: do boldly what is righteous
见鬼去吧！: To hell with it!
建立一个没有帝国主义，没有资本主义，没有剥削制度的新世界: establish a new world without imperialism, without capitalism and without the exploitation of man by man
鉴别能力: ability to differentiate/discernment
江河日下: degenerate day by day/go from bad to worse
江山易改，本性难移: Rivers and mountains may be changed but it is hard to alter a man's nature.
将革命进行到底: carry the revolution through to the end
将功补过: make amends for one's previous faults (mistakes) by giving good service
将功赎罪: atone for a crime by meritorious service/expiate faults by good services
讲的是一套，做的是另一套: say one thing and do another
讲究斗争艺术: study and perfect the art of struggle
交代历史问题: clear up the problems of a political nature in a person's history
交“底”: be well informed
交心: confide what one has in mind/heart-to-heart talk
（革命）交响音乐《沙家浜》: revolutionary symphonic music Shachiapang
矫枉必须过正，不过正不能矫枉: Proper limits have to be exceeded in order to right a wrong, or else the wrong can not be righted.
矫枉过正: exceed the limits in righting a wrong
焦头烂额: be bruised and battered/black and blue
脚踩两只船: a fence-sitter/straddle two boats/sit on the fence
侥幸心理: idea of leaving things to chance
教改小组: revolution-in-education team
教学、设计、施工三结合的统一体: a three-fold function - teaching, designing and building
教育必须为无产阶级政治服务，必须同生产劳动相结合: Education must serve proletarian politics and be combined with productive labor.
教育面要宽: More people should be helped through education.
教育要革命: Education should be revolutionized.