译林絮谈

沙枫

“七十六烈士”系误译

傅东华翻译过不少美国小说,翻译过长篇小说《飘》(Gone with the Wind),也翻译过短篇小说《李伯大梦》(Rip Van Winkle)。

不止一人曾经指出,傅东华所翻译的《李伯大梦》是有错误的。韩迪厚在《近代翻译史话》就这样写道:

“《李伯•凡•温克》(Rip Van Winkle),是美国早期作家 Washington Irving(1783-1859)的作品,故事叙述美国还是英国殖民地时代,有一个荷兰移民叫李伯•凡•温克,他十分怕老婆。一天上山砍柴喝了仙人的药酒,一睡二十年,醒来下山回家,美国已独立,村舍面目全非。他看见:

In place of these, a lean, bilious-looking fellow, with his pockets full of hand-bills, was haranguing vehemently about rights of citizens——elections—— members of Congress——liberty——Bunker's Hill——heroes of seventy-six——and other words which were a perfect Babylonish jargon to the bewildered Van Winkle.

这一句后一半的译文竟是: ‘••••••国会议员——自由——本克尔山——七十六烈士——以及其他许多使李伯莫名其妙的谜语。’

‘heroes of seventy-six’指参加一七七六年美国独立革命的英雄。既非‘烈士’,也不是七十六人。”

由此可见,名家的翻译,有时也不能尽信的。

后在方馨翻译的《李伯大梦》,把“seventy-six”译为“一七七六年”,加以补足。上引的一段译成这样:

“只见一个脾气暴躁的瘦子,袋里塞满了传单,在那里慷概激昂地讲着民权——选举——国会议员——自由——班克山——一七七六年的英雄——以及许多李伯完全一窍不通的隐语。”

后来怎么样呢?在华盛顿•欧文笔下,这个怕老婆的李伯后来是这样的:

Rip had but one question more to ask, but he put it with a faltering voice:

"Where's your mother?"

"Oh, she too had but a short time since; she broke a blood vessel in a fit of passion at a New England pedler."

There was a drop of comfort, at least, in this intelligence. The honest man could contain himself no longer. He caught his daughter and her child in his arms. "I am your father!" cried he——"Young Rip Van Winkle once——old Rip Van Winkle now!——Does nobody know poor Rip Van Winkle?"

方馨的中文译文如下:

李伯只剩下一句话要问了,可是问的时候他的声音是颤抖的:

“那么你的母亲在那里?”

“哦,我爸爸走了没多久,她也死了;她是同一个新英格兰的小贩吵架时血管破裂而死的。”

这消息至少给他带来一丝安慰。这个老实人再也忍不住了。他把女儿和外孙搂在怀里,高声说,“我就是你的爸爸!从前是年轻的李伯•凡•温克,现在是年老的李伯•凡•温克!难道真的没有人认识可怜的李伯•凡•温克吗?”

“Poor Rip Van Winkle”译作“可怜的李伯•凡•温克”译来恰如其份。假如有人译成“贫穷的李伯•凡•温克”,就可悲了。

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