中国文学英译絮谈
“一舞剑器动四方”
中国武术代表团在香港表演,有好些人借用杜甫的《观公孙大娘弟子舞剑器行》的诗句,以形容剑术表演之优美。
《舞剑器行》是这样开头的:
“昔有佳人公孙氏,
一舞剑器动四方。”
“一舞剑器动四方”,这是常常被人引用的一句。
另有两句,也是常常被人引用的,就是:
“来如雷霆收震怒,
罢如江海凝清光。”
吴经熊翻译了这两句如下:
In motion, it was like thunder and lightning boiling with intense anger,
At rest, it was like a calm ocean crystallized into serene light.
最近香港商务印书馆重印艾黎(Alley)所译的《杜甫诗选》英译本,这两句的英译是这样的:
......watching her
One could see thunder, lightning,
Storm, then quiet rays over a peaceful sea;.....
论气势,艾黎的英译是不及吴经熊的了。
Bynner 的英译则是这样的:
She began like a thunderbolt, venting its anger,
And ended like the shining calm of rivers and the sea.....
“来如”译作“began like”,“罢如”译作“ended like”,又比吴译忠实于原文。
Cooper 的译文则是这样:
She came on, the pent storm before it thunders;
And she ceased, the cold light off frozen rivers!
“来如”、“罢如”中的两个“如”字,甚有气势,未译这两个“如”字,译来的气势就不及了。
“一舞剑器动四方”,这一句,Cooper 的译文是这样的:
And her "Mime of the Sword" made the World marvel!
艾黎的英译则是这样:
......whose Sword Dance
Was loved by all,...
Bynner 的英译则是:
Who, dancing with the dagger, drew from all four quarters.
Bynner 把“剑”译作“dagger”(匕首、短剑),恐怕不是人们所敢苟同的。
至于“一舞剑器动四方”的气势,三种英译之中,“made the World marvel”较有气势,“loved by all”太平淡,“drew from all four quarters”是直译。
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