中国文学英译絮谈

沙枫

“金玉其外”的英译

翡冷翠*之外,欧洲还有一个地名,译得也很美的,那是枫丹白露。枫丹白露在法国,在巴黎之东南。

这四个字,很像在那里见过似的。“枫丹”,使人想起杜牧的诗句,“停车坐爱枫林晚,霜叶红于二月花”。

“白露”,使人想起了《诗经》的:“蒹葭苍苍,白露为霜。所谓伊人,在水一方!溯洄从之,道阻且长。溯游从之,宛在水中央。”

灯下翻阅旧书,在一篇古文中,无意中发现了“丹枫白荻”四字,见于刘基所写的《司马季主论卜》,一连六比,一气呵成:

“是故碎瓦颓垣,昔日之歌楼舞馆也;荒榛断梗,昔日之琼蕤玉树也;露蛬风蝉,昔日之凤笙龙笛也;鬼燐萤火,昔日之金釭华烛也;秋荼春荠,昔日之象白驼峰也;丹枫白荻,昔日之蜀锦齐纨也。”

想看看有没有人将之译成英文,如何译法,结果是找不到,但却找到了刘基的另一篇文章《卖桔者言》,而且译者不止一人。

“杭有卖果者,善藏柑,涉寒暑不溃。出之烨然,玉质而金色。置于市,贾十倍,人争鬻之。予贸得其一,剖之,如有烟扑口鼻,视其中,干若败絮。”文章是这样开头的。

“金玉其外,败絮其中”,其出处即在此。

这段文章,也是一气呵成的:

“观其坐高堂,骑大马,醉醇醴而饫肥鲜者,孰不巍巍乎可畏,赫赫乎可象也?又何往而不金玉其外,败絮其中也哉!。”

兹抄录两种英译于下,以供比较。

They sit in high places. The ride on great horse. Intoxicated with sweet wine, and filled with delicate food, they enjoy their lives. All of them look formidable and dignified, and yet, all of them, are like and gold in appearance but rotten as broken cotton within.

But how formidable and dignified they are when they sit in state halls, ride on horses, drink intoxicating liquors, and eat fresh meat and fish! Do not all of them look like precious stones and gold without, but like useless cotton within?

*(编者注)“翡冷翠”即“佛罗伦萨”,意大利语“Firenze”。

版权所有