中国文学英译絮谈

沙枫

《三国演义》的开头与英译

和《水浒传》一样,《三国演义》也是用一首诗词开头的。词曰:

滚滚长江东逝水,
浪花淘尽英雄。
是非成败转头空。
青山依旧在,几度夕阳红。

白发渔樵江渚上,
惯看秋月春风。
一壶浊酒喜相逢。
古今多少事,都付笑谈中。

Brewitt-Taylor 翻译了《三国演义》的厚厚两册,但却没有译出这一首词。

“话说天下大势,分久必合,合久必分。这几句《三国演义》第一回开头的话,比诸全书开头的上述的一首词,是知者更多的。”

Brewitt-Taylor 把这几句话译成英文如下:

Empires wax and wane; states cleave asunder and coalesce.

接下去,就是:

“周末七国纷争,并入于秦。及秦灭之后,楚汉纷争,又并入于汉。”

Brewitt-Taylor 的英译是这样的:

When the rule of Chou weakened seven contending principalities sprang up, warring one with another till they settled down as Tsin; and when its destiny had been fulfilled, arose Chu and Han to contend for the mastery. And Han was the victor.

这本《三国演义》英译本,是在一九二五年出版的。本港张亦文教授,认为这本英译本有不少错误地方,因此决心另译。他花了十多年时间,现已把《三国演义》全部译好,并先出版了“火烧赤壁”那部分,据说全本亦将准备出版。

三国演义》开头的一首词,后来黄雯医生将之译成英文,录于一九六零年出版的《古今诗词选译》。译文如下:

Eastward to sea the Great Kiang waters foamed,
In flying flake our heroes passed away,
But twinkling void your "no" and "yes', your failure and success;
Yet stand of old the hillocks green——
How many sunsets red went by and days.
That gravy-haired fished lonely brooding there,
Spring breeze and autumn moon his common guest,
Give him a pot of home-brewed wine——
He'll soon make holiday!
Of present or past, more or less——
O throw to gossip and jest.

最后两句,“古今多少事,都付笑谈中”,黄雯医生的英译,简而明。

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