中国文学英译絮谈

沙枫

“公子王孙把扇摇”

施耐庵的《水浒》,原本多至一百二十回。明末清初的金圣叹将之删改成七十回,并删去了原本中对封建统治阶级怨怒的诗词。

金圣叹怎样删改诗词呢?

例如第三十七回(金本第三十六回),“浪里白条”张顺的哥哥“船火儿”张横在浔阳江唱的《湖州歌》,原为:“老爷生长在江边,不怕官司不怕天。昨夜华光来趁我,临行夺下一金砖!”金圣叹将之改作如下:“老爷生长在江边,不爱交游只爱钱。昨夜华光来趁我,临行夺下一金砖!”一句之改,意义就大不相同了。

《水浒》的两种英译,美国的赛珍珠(Pearl Buck),英国的杰克逊(Jackson),都是根据金圣叹的本子翻译的。

杰克逊将这一首歌译成如下:

Alone I live on the river's bank;
Not a friend but money do I adore.
Last night the moon helped me fine;
I saw some gold and captured it.

杰克逊是把“华光”解释为“月光”,故译作“Moon”。

《水浒》是以一首宋朝邵康节所作的诗起头的,诗如下:

纷纷五代乱离间,一旦云开复见天。
草木百年新雨露,车书万里旧山川。
寻常巷陌犹簪笏,取次园林亦管弦。
人老太平春未老,莺花无害日高眠。

杰克逊的英译如下:

Amid chaos of dynasties five,
Peaceful days at last revive;
Mountains and rivers are of yore,
Benevolence of hundred years and more.
Orioles sang in forest tree,
Entrancing music filled the air;
The people dressed in gorgeous silks,
Contentment reigned everywhere.

杰克逊这一首译诗,词句有颠倒,大意却不错。

《水浒》中最有名的歌词,当是在“智取生辰纲”中“白日鼠”白胜唱的一首:

赤日炎炎似火烧,野田禾稻半枯焦。
农夫心内如汤煮,公子王孙把扇摇。

现介绍这首诗的英译四种于后。

白之(Birch)的英译是这样的:

Blazing sun like a fire burning,
Crops in the fields to a crisp are turning.
Farmer's blood bubbles like boiling soup,
Gentlemen at ease for fans are yearning.

张心沧的英译是这样:

The hot sun is burning like a kitchen stove!
The green shoots in the paddy fields are browned and wilting.
The farmer's insides seethe like a pot of stew,
While the prince in his tower fretfully waves his fan.

赛珍珠的英译是这样:

The sun burns with fiery hand,
The rice is scorched on the dry land.
The farmers' hearts are hot with grief.
But idle princes must be fanned.

杰克逊的英译是这样:

The sun pours down its glowing heat,
Parching the growing corn;
The farmer's heart melts in the glow,
The rich fan to and fro,
While I sweat here forlorn.

杰克逊的英译,第五行是译者多添,是原文所无的。大概只是为了要用“forlorn”这一个字,使之与第二行的“corn”押韵。

赛珍珠的译文,显然胜于杰克逊了。

她把“把扇摇”译作“要人拨扇”(must be fanned),把愿意有所引伸了,西方人不像东方人,很少自己摇扇的。

白之与赛珍珠的英译,都是押韵,译笔也比较简练。

版权所有