中国文学英译絮谈

沙枫

赛珍珠译《水浒》的乌龙

美国赛珍珠(Pearl Buck)翻译《水浒》,在英译本绪言中说:“我尽量以直译的方法,来翻译这部小说,因为我认为原著的风给和内容,是非常吻合的。我唯一的努力,是尽量使译文和原文相似。我希望,不懂中文的读者至少有一种错觉,即他们读的是原著••••••”

赛珍珠强调保持原著的风格和特色,这个出发点是对的。不过,她对直译作了极端的理解,好像单凭逐字逐句的死译就可达到她在绪言中所说的目的,结果,有些地方是译得太生硬了。

例如,第八回,原文是:“三五个筛酒的酒保都手忙脚乱,搬东搬西。”

赛珍珠的英译是:

But these serving men were so busy their hands and feet were all in confusion, and they were moving things hither and thither, east and west......

“手忙脚乱”,译者译到十足,未可厚非。但“搬东搬西”,译成“Moving things hither and thither, east and west”,就近乎添足了。

《水浒》另一位译者杰克逊(Jackson)把这两句译作“The waiters were very busy bringing first one thing and then another”,比较精简。

又如第五十七回,原文是:“俺知梁山泊宋公明大名,江湖上唤他作及时雨宋江。”

赛珍珠的英译是:

I know the great name of Sung Chiang of the robbers' lair, so that by every river and lake he is called "The Opportune Rain."

“江湖上”译作“By every river and lake”,也是硬译。

上述等例虽是硬译,但尚未算误译。赛珍珠译《水浒》错误之处相当多,有人曾发表专文加以指正。

试举一例,在第五十五回中,原文是:“若得一人到颍州取小弟家眷上山,实拜成全之德。”

赛珍珠的英译是:

If there were those who go into the soldiers' camp to find my brother's household and bring them here, the whole city will know of it.

“小弟”是讲话者自谦之称,而译者却真的译作“其弟”。至于“成全”,竟然译作“Whole city”,赛珍珠是把“成全”误译为“全城”了。

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